Map with the transcontinental railroad. Technology Feb 28, 2019 · In many ways, the work done on the transcontinental railroad were feats of ingenuity and engineering. Objective: Create a map about the transcontinental railroad. Explore the path of the original railroad By the time President Lincoln signed the Pacific Railway Act in 1862 to establish federal support for the construction of the Transcontinental Railroad, there was no question that a railway would help people and goods traveling west do so more quickly and safely, with the added benefit of nationwide geographic and economic growth as new towns Mar 20, 2001 · The idea of a railroad that went from the east coast to the west didn’t start when building began. While Golden Spike may be a small park, it carries a much larger story that continues to this day. Transcontinental Railroad 1877: New Transcontinental Map of the Pacific Railroad. Usually a The Northern Pacific Railway (reporting mark NP) was a transcontinental railroad that operated across the northern tier of the western United States, from Minnesota to the Pacific Northwest. Aug 29, 2024 · Railroad - Transcontinental, Expansion, Industry: The first public proposal for such a line was made by the New York City merchant Asa Whitney in 1844. Hippocrene Books, 1990. It is a story made up of a series of events and filled with the people and companies that made it happen—here are just a few of note: One of the early and most prominent people making the case for a transcontinental railroad was Asa Whitney. 1826 The Canton Viaduct, built in 1834, is still in use today on the Northeast Corridor. Building the Transcontinental Railroad over Donner Pass Cape Horn. America's first transcontinental railroad (known originally as the " Pacific Railroad " and later as the "Overland Route") was a 1,911-mile (3,075 km) continuous railroad line built between 1863 and 1869 that connected the existing eastern U. Apr 20, 2010 · In 1862, the Central Pacific and the Union Pacific Railroad Companies began building a transcontinental railroad that would link the United States from east to west. What used to take months by boat or horse drawn wagon could be done in a week from New York to San Francisco. Mariner Books, 2020. An alternate route to the south of the pass joined the main line at the Salmon River and continued to Puget Sound. , 1964- Collector: Thomas, William G. A dangerous The images in this group show different aspects of the railroad, including workers, travelers, tracks, railroad bridges, and trains. Student Instructions: Click “Start Assignment”. Visitors to the park can see the location of the Last Spike Site, 1869 railroad construction features, walk or drive on the original railroad grade, and get an up close view of Victorian era replica locomotives. Summary: With photographs taken at the time of the railroad’s construction, this book thoroughly details the building of the transcontinental railroad from “Crazy Judah’s” vision of it to the last spike ceremony. The section of the railroad from San Francisco to Sacramento was built primarily by two companies, the Central Pacific Railroad Corporation (CPRR), and the Western Pacific Railroad Company (WPCR). , but it’s routes also connect every state from the Mississippi River to the Pacific Ocean. One notable was the Baltimore & Ohio, America's first common-carrier, which arrived in the Windy City in 1875. 3 days ago · The Linda Hall Library Transcontinental Railroad website was created with generous support from the BNSF (Burlington Northern Santa Fe) Foundation. You can order copies of the maps by mail from Maps and Plans, however they use a private vendor for mail orders, and the price goes up. Ghosts of Gold Mountain: The Epic Story of the Chinese Who Built the Transcontinental Railroad. Before there were viral videos and trending hashtags, the completion of the Transcontinental Railroad in 1869 was one of the first mass media events in US hi May 10, 2019 · The legacy of the Chinese Exclusion Act also encompasses illegal Chinese immigration into the United States, as legal options were very limited under the law. The site offers visitors a brief history of the building of the transcontinental railroad as well as information on the history and technology of 19th century railroads. [18] Usually the companies received from the federal government, in twenty- or fifty-mile strips, alternate sections of public land for each mile of track that was built Jul 17, 2012 · The Transcontinental Railroad made Sheridan’s strategy of “total war” much more effective. See how the railroad winds throughout the West in this map from the pages of Trains Magazine. Chang, Gordon H. Set your odometer to zero: mileages here are from the start of the backway. The government profited from land grants in two ways -- 1) because the land was given in alternate sections, both the railroad and the government would be able to sell the land along the line for higher prices; 2) government generally received rights to transport employees and All Aboard: Making Connections with the Transcontinental Railroad | LESSON 1 Objectives Students will | LESSON 1 Objectives Students will Read and understand primary source writings from two key documents that encouraged settlers to go west and that established congressional support of what would eventually become the transcontinental railroad. Hart photographs, maps from the David Rumsey Map Center, and materials from Special Collections. In 1862, Congress passed and President Lincoln signed the Pacific Railroad Bill, which granted public land and funds to build a transcontinental railroad. 1865 Photo courtesy of the Library of Congress Mar 28, 2019 · In a scene reminiscent of A. Apr 30, 2019 · Visitors can trace the railroad’s route, see the states and territories it passed through, learn about the native peoples who were displaced and how the American landscape and the environment were affected through a large, graphic floor map. Most important, it offers full text access to the Linda Hall Library’s This exhibit commemorates the 150th anniversary of the completion of the Transcontinental Railroad. Transcontinental Railroad Learn more about the Transcontinental Railroad and see sites, the Travelstorys audio tour will guide visitors down 90 miles of original hand-constructed Transcontinental Railroad grade, managed as a National Backcountry Byway and located west of the Golden Spike National Historic Park. The great race to Promontory: the 150th anniversary of driving the Golden Spike. , 1964- Description: This line shapefile represents the railroad network of the United States in 1840. “Lloyd’s American railroad map of the United States…” by James T. Norton & Company. Eleven months later, their Jun 1, 2018 · The First Transcontinental Railroad connected the San Francisco Bay Area to existing rail lines in the Midwest and East. Union Pacific Importance of The Transcontinental Railroad In the 1850s, major railroad projects were viewed as projects for the public good, in much the same way we justify public investment in airports and highways. W. Both companies were promised vast amounts of land and government bonds for each mile of track laid down on the railroad. The transcontinental railroad. Linda Hall Library. The First Transcontinental Railroad: Central Pacific and Union Pacific. 02: Examine the appeal and challenges of settling the Great Plains from various cultural perspectives, including: settlers, immigrants, Buffalo Soldiers, and American Indians. Courtesy W. After much controversy over where the railroad would pass, the Pacific Railroad Act, adopted in 1862, granted contracts for the first line between Omaha and Sacramento to two companies: the Union Pacific Company for the eastern section from Nebraska and the Central Pacific Company for Before the transcontinental railroad, travel from the East to the West Coast took many moons and cost at least $1000 (the equivalent of just under $20,000 today). ; There are no services along the route; be prepared with at least one spare tire, extra water and gas if needed. Calisphere: University of California. Find a georeferenced map at blm. Union Pacific Railroad. 1876; 1881 Litho. The interest is usually for historic preservation and sometimes modeling. Such networks can be via the tracks of either a single railroad or over those owned or controlled by multiple railway companies along a continuous route. Hart Photographer. The second half of the nineteenth century was the era of railroad land grants. Nov 27, 2022 · Connecting the continent was proposed for improved mail and connectivity with the frontier (“The Transcontinental Railroad. A 1901 line change shaved over 200 feet off the summit, bringing it down to May 8, 2019 · One significant holding related to the Transcontinental Railroad is a single map, located with Record Group (RG) 77, the Civil Works Map File, which shows “Correct Location of the Pacific Railroad. Empire Express: Building the First Transcontinental Railroad. Over the next seven years, the A transcontinental railroad or transcontinental railway is contiguous railroad trackage, [1] that crosses a continental land mass and has terminals at different oceans or continental borders. Judah, a 28 year old railroad engineer from Bridgeport, Connecticut published "The Map of the Sacramento Valley Railroad: from the city of Sacramento to the crossing of the American River at Negro Bar, Sac. Interactive map of the Transcontinental Railroad by Union Pacific Map of the Central Portion of the United States Showing the Lines of the Proposed Pacific Railroads, Library of Congress. The full path of the Transcontinental Railroad, once complete, eventually measured about 1,907 miles long and cut through Nebraska, Wyoming, Utah, Nevada, and California. May 10, 2019 · Transcontinental Railroad Lines, 1880s: This map shows clearly the many connections from Chicago and other points in the East to points in the West, little more than 10 years after the completion of the Transcontinental Railroad. Jul 22, 2024 · Bain, David Haward. The Last Spike ceremony, where the track from the East was joined to its counterparts from the West, took place at Jan 27, 2003 · Map Design & Animator William Bourbeau Art Department: The makers of Transcontinental Railroad traveled back and forth across the original route of the railroad, looking for locations, stories The transcontinental railroad launched Utah’s railroad age and ushered in a time of great change for Utah’s existing Indigenous and settler communities. Courtesy Apr 17, 2021 · The First Transcontinental Railroad completely transformed the nation in 1869 when the Union and Central Pacific railroads joined together. In total, the Central Pacific laid about 700 miles (1,125 kilometers) of track, while the Union Pacific finished some 1,100 miles (1,775 kilometers). Travel back time and learn about key events surrounding the Transcontinental Railroad, from 1769 to 1889. Emigrants traveling by horseback, wagon, or foot required several months to cross the plains and the Rocky Mountains. But what about the nation’s second transcontinental railway? Meet the Northern Pacific. Railroad System, United States, 1840 Author: Thomas, William G. Apr 10, 2019 · Map showing the major places, roads, highways, and railroad locations related to the original U. The First Transcontinental Railroad in North America was built in the 1860s, linking the well developed railway network of the East coast with rapidly growing California. In the west, the Transcontinental Railroad had just been finished (1869) while eastern systems focused on reaching Chicago. Note how UP was much larger thanks to the easier topography it was able to navigate between Promontory Summit, Utah and Omaha, Nebraska. As new towns sprung up along the The Transcontinental Railroad research and evaluate and communicate findings to answer questions or solve problems. " [Enlarge Western Portion of Map] Rand, McNally & Co. , Chicago. Effects of the Railroad The transcontinental railroad was not the beginning of white settlers' battles with Native Americans. Today, Promontory Summit is home to the recreated Golden Spike Historic Site, home for two replica 4-4-0s: Union Pacific No. May 10, 2019 · According to the Chinese Railroad Workers Project, Central Pacific started with a crew of 21 Chinese workers in January 1864. In 1856, Theodore Judah, who would become Central Pacific Railroad's chief engineer, already had completed the Sacramento Valley Line, running from that city to Folsom, California. “The Transcontinental Railroad” is a companion case with models of the two locomotives that met at Oct 20, 2022 · Sacramento, California, Omaha, Nebraska, and Promontory Summit, Utah are all labeled on the map for children learn while using map skills. From there, lines connected Salt Lake City to mining areas like Alta and Park City. Mar 7, 2022 · Discover Transcontinental Railroad Back Country Byway in Corinne, Utah: This now-abandoned part of the original transcontinental railroad route provides a surreal driving and historical experience. ” The map is an 1856 printed map which was annotated to show the location of the railroad tracks in Utah. On January 1, 1863, ground was broken at Sacramento, California for the building of the first transcontinental railroad; the Central Pacific from Sacramento and the Union Pacific from Omaha Nebraska (Elliot 1928:2). But it was an irrevocable marker of encroaching white Sep 4, 2019 · By 1880, the transcontinental railroad was transporting $50 million worth of freight each year. This illustration comes from the United States Pacific Railroad Surveys, which were commissioned by the U. [28] In 1906 the San Francisco earthquake destroyed the city’s municipal records, allowing Chinese-born people to claim that they were born in the United States, making them natural-born citizens, and allowing their children to enter Oct 16, 2020 · The completion of the Transcontinental Railroad, originally the Pacific Railroad. People Sep 14, 2023 · Most Popular Railroad Maps: RG 134: Railroad Valuation Maps, 1915-1920 RG 49: Railroad Right-of-Way Maps, 1872-1875 RG 49: Railroad Maps Related to the 1875 Act Granting to Railroads the Right-of-Way through the Public Lands of the United States, 1875-1930 RG 21: Railroad Property Transfer Maps, 1973-1996 The best resource for learning more about railroad maps, plans, and other materials in “Heading of east portal Tunnel No. An additional note for the valuation maps. Ten Mile Day: And the Building of the Transcontinental Railroad. Include major cities, physical features and the two main companies. Jan 29, 2008 · The Transcontinental Railroad was also known as the Pacific Railroad for a while and later on as the Overland Route — after the main passenger transport service that operated the line. Apr 10, 2019 · Union Pacific operates along much of the original Transcontinental Railroad route between Sacramento, Calif. Burlington officials were drawn here by Wyoming’s marketable natural resources and by its geography: Wyoming offered the best routes for transcontinental lines from the Midwest and South to the Pacific Northwest. Hart. ” ). Jan 27, 2003 · Map Design & Animator William Bourbeau Art Department: The makers of Transcontinental Railroad traveled back and forth across the original route of the railroad, looking for locations, stories The second transcontinental railroad was the product of two railroad companies, same as the first transcontinental. Jan 27, 2003 · Map Design & Animator William Bourbeau Art Department: The makers of Transcontinental Railroad traveled back and forth across the original route of the railroad, looking for locations, stories Completed in 1869 with the driving of the famous "Golden Spike" at Promontory Summit, Utah, the Transcontinental Railroad revolutionized transportation across the United States and fundamentally changed the American West, sparking social, economic, environmental, and political change. The presidents of the Union Pacific and Central Pacific railroads meet in Promontory, Utah, and drive a ceremonial last spike into a rail Map of lands granted for railroad construction Both the Federal and state governments gave land to railroad companies. It’s the highest point on the first transcontinental railroad with the original summit topping out at 8,247 feet above sea level. Maps of current Amtrak passenger routes from Chicago to the West Coast, each available through a link from the People worldwide can now view the route Theodore Judah proposed for the Central Pacific Railroad branch of the First Transcontinental Railroad, thanks to the efforts of the David Rumsey Map Center Sep 24, 2021 · Sherman Hill is one of the landmarks on the transcontinental railroad. The original railroad names hundreds of stops along the tracks noting major and minor stations by font size. Army Corps of Topographical Engineers to map potential routes for the Transcontinental Railroad. Henry T. Western settlers longed for a faster and easier way to travel across the West. Modern map showing "Transcontinental Railroad Lines, 1880's". At that time the United States did not hold outright possession of land west of the Rockies, though it exercised joint occupation of the Oregon Country until 1846, when under a treaty with Britain it gained possession of the Pacific coast The makers of Transcontinental Railroad traveled back and forth across the original route of the railroad, looking for locations, stories, and images. , and Omaha, Neb. Sep 2, 2015 · Map of the Great Transcontinental Railroad. Jul 12, 2019 · Two Railroad Companies Competed to Build the Transcontinental Railroad Pictures of the American West/National Archives and Record Administration/Alfred A. It caused trade to flourish, and by 1880, the railroad was moving $50m worth of freight each year. Library of Congress. Between 1762 and 1764 a gravity railroad (mechanized tramway) (Montresor's Tramway) was built by British Army engineers up the steep riverside terrain near the Niagara River waterfall's escarpment at the Niagara Portage in Lewiston Nov 8, 2014 · Since it first entered the state in 1890, the Burlington Railroad has helped connect Wyoming with the world. 119, shown, and Central Pacific Jupiter. Stereoviews, engravings, maps, and documents are treasures of western Americana that illustrate the history of the first transcontinental railroad, built from Sacramento, California over the Sierra Nevada mountains, the to end of track at the Golden Spike Ceremony at Promontory, Utah where the rails were joined on May 10, 1869 with the Union May 14, 2019 · It was a seminal moment in American history: the inauguration of the first Transcontinental Railroad on May 10, 1869, in Promontory, Utah. The data used in compiling twenty-two large individual maps published with the thirteen handsomely illustrated volumes of the Pacific Railroad Surveys,[15]for example, was the basic source material for Lt. Apr 6, 2003 · "New Map of the American Overland Route" February, 1881 (Click on each image below to enlarge. S. The first American locomotive at Castle Point in Hoboken, New Jersey, c. Henry Holt & Company, 1996. Determining the route of the first-ever transcontinental railroad is not an easy feat and in the mid-1800s, it probably seemed impossible to many: enter dreamers like Asa Whitney and Theodore Judah (nicknamed "Crazy Judah") to begin mapping proposed rail lines through treacherous landscapes such as the Sierra Nevada mountain range. Oct 8, 2021 · Construction on the Transcontinental Railroad began on January 8, 1863 in Sacramento, when workers for the Central Pacific Railroad first broke ground for the track. Published by the Union Pacific Railroad, circa 1857. A transcontinental railroad would allow for settlement of the west, open new markets for eastern manufacturers, and bring relief to overcrowded eastern cities. Overview. 17 1/4" x 35 3/4" Courtesy of the Bruce C. 8” Photograph shows Chinese railroad worker with a shoulder pole. It was the first railroad west of the Missouri River — an impressive achievement — but Judah already was thinking on a grander scale: a transcontinental railroad. Using the poster template, create a map of the route of the transcontinental railroad. Stereoviews, engravings, maps, and documents are treasures of western Americana that illustrate the history of the first transcontinental railroad, built from Sacramento, California over the Sierra Nevada mountains, the to end of track at the Golden Spike Ceremony at Promontory, Utah where the rails were joined on May 10, 1869 with the Union May 28, 2019 · If Abraham Lincoln authorized the railroad, it was Theodore Judah who persuaded Congress. Williams' map was printed 8 years after the completion of the transcontinental railroad. Aug 13, 2023 · The first transcontinental railroad is rich with people, places, and stories. In the mid-19th century, it was estimated that 30 milion to 60 million buffalo roamed the plains. Fraser, Mary Ann. gov/maps. Nor was it the final nail in the coffin. When the trains are glued to the map they will stand up, each facing the Promontory Summit, Utah The coming of the Transcontinental Railroad (TCRR), the first communication revolution in the United States. " With Warren's map the… The transcontinental railroad map in the latter half of the 19th century was typically built with substantial infusions of federal, state, and government Map of the Sacramento Valley Railroad. The day marked a profound transformation. Nov 24, 2009 · The Transcontinental Railroad unified the United States. ) "NEW MAP OF THE AMERICAN OVERLAND ROUTE SHOWING ITS CONNECTIONS AND LAND GRANTS OF 30,000,000 ACRES. " Judah, as Chief Engineer of the Sacramento Valley Railroad, was brought in to supervise the building of the line from Aug 7, 2024 · One of the greatest technological achievements of the 19th century is the completion of the first transcontinental railroad across the United States. The first Transcontinental Railroad (known originally as the "Pacific Railroad" and also as the “Great Transcontinental Railroad” and the “Overland Route”) was a continuous railroad line constructed between 1863 and 1869. Stereoviews, engravings, maps, and documents are treasures of western Americana that illustrate the history of the first transcontinental railroad, built from Sacramento, California over the Sierra Nevada mountains, the to end of track at the Golden Spike Ceremony at Promontory, Utah where the rails were joined on May 10, 1869 with the Union Dec 19, 2022 · This monumental engineering feat had massive effects for the US. It includes both the little bit of the Union Pacific line in Golden Spike (see below) and the Central Pacific line. Co. Geography & Map Division. Students can easily make this craft as they color the map and train templates, then cut and glue it together. Soon after the transcontinental railroad opened, new rail lines connected Ogden to Salt Lake City. Publication date [1875?] Topics californialightandsound, californiapreservationservice, Railroads, 1870-1879 Language Sep 23, 2022 · This culminated in the completion of the first transcontinental railroad by 1869, which ended in Sacramento, California. Jul 1, 2014 · The Transcontinental Railroad for kids Ulysses Grant was the 18th American President who served in office from March 4, 1869 to March 4, 1877. It was approved by Congress in 1864 and given nearly 40 million acres (62,000 sq mi; 160,000 km 2 ) of land grants , which it used to raise money in Europe Central Pacific Railroad construction in the 1860's. Gouverneur Kemble Warren's "Map of the Territory of the United States from the Mississippi River to the Pacific Ocean. Apr 25, 2022 · As a result, President Lincoln signed into law the Pacific Railroad Act in 1862 (Briggs 1974:7). In 1854, Theodore D. In 1865 the Central Pacific Railroad began to push the tracks east from Camp 20 (today's Colfax) along a steep section of the North Fork of the American River Canyon. In the research room, their staff will copy up to 10 maps a day at the rate of $2. Cooper Collection. Russell’s photograph of the driving of the Golden Spike at Promontory Summit in May 1869, the Central Pacific’s “Jupiter” (left) noses up to the Union Pacific No. Judah was fascinated with railroads and had gone out to map the route, working on the western rails in 1854, to the displeasure of his wife it is rumored. The idea of building such a line was present in America for decades before the construction was authorized by the Pacific Railroad Acts of 1862 and 1864. Chinese railroad workers in North America Project. forming the Transcontinental Railroad. Congress and conducted by the U. The main line was officially completed on May 10, 1869. J. The completed transcontinental railroad was variously called the Pacific Railroad or the Overland Route. “In January 1865, convinced that Chinese workers were capable, the The Pacific Railroad Acts formed the Union Pacific Railroad, authorized the route to be constructed by the Central Pacific Railroad and the Union Pacific Railroad, and provided funding for the transcontinental railroad in the form of government bonds (which had to be repaid with interest) and land grants (half the land for the railroads and Mar 7, 2019 · Where the joining of the Transcontinental Railroad happened depends on your view of history, geography, and Promontory. Seen above is a route map of the first Transcontinental Railroad (not-to-scale), completed between the Union Pacific and Central Pacific railroads. Feb 6, 2022 · The Central Pacific Railroad Company started construction of the Transcontinental Railroad in Sacramento, California, while the Union Pacific Railroad Company started near the Iowa-Nebraska border. . in the 1830s, Americans dreamed of linking the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans by rail. 70 per foot. It highlights materials from the Stanford Libraries including pictures from the Alfred A. Central Pacific Railroad Timetable & Map, May, 1869. In addition to transporting western food crops and raw materials to East Coast markets and Mar 19, 2019 · Union Pacific 1832: Proponents call for transcontinental railroad 1845: New England merchant and traveler, Asa Whitney begins advocacy for Pacific Railroad 1853: Congress appropriates $150,000 for survey of five routes 1855-1860: 12 volumes of findings prepared for four feasible routes 1861: Central Pacific incorporated in California July The idea of creating a transcontinental rail link evolved at the same time as the concept of Manifest Destiny. Galloway, John D. Standards: 5. Trains made travel faster, safer, and much less physically taxing, but there was no transcontinental railroad that connected the country from east to west in the mid-nineteenth century. -Students will begin to understand the workforce that created and built the Transcontinental Railroad. Central Pacific Railroad construction in the 1860's. Viking Adult, 1999. Use the links below to explore those stories and learn more about how two ribbons of iron changed the United States overnight. rail network at Council Bluffs, Iowa, with the Pacific coast at the Oakland Long Wharf on San Francisc It was accompanied by an outline map of North America which shows the route of his railroad from Prairie du Chien, Wisconsin, across the Rocky Mountains north of South Pass. Finally, after years of grueling labor, the two sides met on May 10, 1869, in Promontory Utah. Lloyd and Rae Smith, 1859. Most important, it offers full text access to the Linda Hall Library’s extensive collection of 19th century railroad periodicals. When it was passed by Congress in 1862, the Pacific Railway Act permitted two companies to begin construction on the Transcontinental Railroad. The unpaved byway follows 90 miles of the Central Pacific Railroad grade. Aug 22, 2024 · Map. B-1: gather information from multiple provided resources to answer questions. 119, and instead of dignitaries and railroad workers participating in a historic moment, a National Park Service ranger enlightens tourists about what happened here so long ago. Browse 299 authentic transcontinental railroad stock photos, high-res images, and pictures, or explore additional old railroad or union pacific railroad stock images to find the right photo at the right size and resolution for your project. Aug 22, 2024 · By 1880, all the states, and territories which later became states, boasted at least a few miles of track. Judah returns to Washington armed with maps and profiles to lobby for appropriations Soon after the railroad made its appearance in the U. Alfred A. ISBN: 0805047034. This layer is part of the Railroads and the Making of Modern America project. It was the first major obstacle for the railroad as it headed west. The Southern Pacific built eastward from the Pacific Ocean (starting from their line in El Paso, TX in 1881), while the Galveston, Harrisburg & San Antonio Railroad built west from the Gulf of Mexico (from their terminal at San Note: The Transcontinental Railroad Backcountry Byway’s Utah state designation is Central Pacific Railroad Trail Scenic Backway. Railroad maps, 1828 to 1900. One of the important events during his presidency was the completion of the Transcontinental Railroad on March 10, 1869. Colonization of California exploded in the late 1840s with the discovery of gold ("Transcontinental railroad", 2010). Judah returns to Washington armed with maps and profiles to lobby for appropriations How a railroad fundamentally transformed the United States of America The coming of the Transcontinental Railroad (TCRR), the first communication revolution in the United States. Stanford University. Between 1850 and 1872 extensive cessions of public lands were made to states and to railroad companies to promote railroad construction. Jul 3, 2024 · Library of Congress Geography and Map Division. begyinshlckqpbuchgtyebvkbejkjosogmibcyioozwjvlffsjm